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the high cast hindu women by pandita ramabai
Pandita Ramabai, The High-Caste Hindu Woman (1888)
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Originally published in Marathi, The High-Caste Hindu Woman by Pandita Ramabai (alternatively spelled Pundita Ramabai) was translated into English for this 1888 edition. Ramabai was born in 1859 in Maharashtra to a Chitpavan Brahmin family. Her parents, her brother, and eventually her husband died within a four year span (1876-1880), after which Ramabai became a lecturer and founded the Arya Mahila Somaj to promote women's education and prevent child-marriage. She converted to Christianity, and under the sponsorship of a missionary traveled to England where she and her daughter were baptized by the Church of England in 1883. Eventually, she traveled to the U.S., her accounts of which became the subject of another travelogue. Throughout The High-Caste Hindu Woman, Ramabai presents a sharp critique of caste and gender divisions in Hindu society.
This edition opens with a portrait and the obituary of Anandibai Joshee, who graduated from the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1886 and became the "first Hindu woman to receive the Degree of Doctor of Medicine in any country." An introduction that reflects on the biographies of both Joshee and Ramabai is attributed to "R.L.B."
Draupadi by mahashvetha devi
Name Dopdi Mejhen, age 27, husband Dulna Majhi (deceased), domicile
Cherakhan, Bankrahjarh, information whether dead or alive and/or assistan
in erest, one hundred rupees...an exchange between two medallioned
uniforms.
FIRST MEDALLION. What's this, a tribal called Dopdi? The list of names I
brought has nothing like it! How can anyone have an unlisted name?
SECOND MEDALLION. Draupadi Mejhen. Born the year her mother threshed
rice at Surja Sahu (killed)'s at Bakuli. Surja Sahu's wife gave her the name.
FIRST. These officers like nothing better than to write as much as they can in
English. What's all this stuff about her?
SECOND. Most notorious female. Long wanted in many..
Dossier: Dulna and Dopdi worked at harvests, rotating between Birbhum,
Burdwan, Murshidabad and Bankura.
In 1971, in the famous Operation Bakuli, when three villages were cordoned off
and machine gunned, they too lay on the ground, faking dead. In fact, they
Were the main culprits. Murdering surja sahu and his son, occupying upper-
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caste wells and tubewells during the drought, not surrendering those thre
young men to the police. In all this they were the chief instigators. In the
morning, at the time of the body count, the couple could not be found. The
blood sugar level of Captain Arjan Singh, the architect of Bakuli, rose at once
and proved yet again that diabetes can be a result of anxiety and depression.
Diabetes has 12 husbands - am ong them anxiety.
Dulna and Dopdi went underground for a long time in a Neanderthal darkness
The special forces, attempting to pierce that dark by an armed search,
compelled quite a few santhals in the various districts of west Bengal to meet
their Maker against their will. By the Indian Constitution, all human beings,
regardless of caste or creed, are sacred. Still, accidents like this do happen. Two
sorts of reasons:
(1) The underground couple's skill in self-concealment; (2) not merely the
santhals but all tribals of the austro-asiatic Munda tribes appear the same to the
specia forces.
Samaray hijulenako mar goekope
and,
Hendre rambra keche keche pundi rambra keche keche
This proves conclusively that they are the cause of Captain Arjan Singh's
diabetes.
Government procedure being as incomprehensible as the Male principle in
sankhya philosophy or antonioni's early films, it was Arjan Singh who was sent
once again on Operation Forest Jharkhani. Learning from intelligence that the
abovementioned ululating and dancing couple was the escaped corpses, Arjan
Singh fell for a bit into a zombie-like state and finally acquired so irrational a
dread of black-skinned people that whenever he saw a black person in a ball
bag, he swooned, saying 'they're killing me', and drank and passed a lot of
water. Neither uniform nor scriptures could relieve that depression. at long
last, under the shadow of a premature and forced retirement, it was possible to
present him at the desk of Mr Senanayak, the elderly Bengali specialist in
combat and extreme-left politics.
Senanayak knows the activities and capacities of the opposition better than
they themselves do. First, therefore, he presents an encomium on the military
genius of the sikhs. Then he explains further: is it only the opposition that
should find power at the end of the barrel of a gun? Arjan Singh's power also
explodes out of the male organ of a gun. Without a gun even the "five Ks" come
to nothing in this day and age. These speeches he delivers to all and sundry. As
a result, the fighting forces regain their confidenmce in the Army Handbook. It is
not a book for everyone. It says that the most despicable and repulsive style of
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fighting isguerrilla warfare with primitive weapons. Annihilation at sight of
any and all practitioners of such warfare is the sacred duty of every soldier.
Dopdi and Dulna belong to the category of such fighters, for they too kill by
means of hatchet and scythe, bow and arrow, etc. in fact, their fighting power
is greater than the gentlemen's. Not all gentlemen become experts in the
explosion of chambers; they think the power will come out on its own if the
gun is held. But since Dulna and Dopdi are illiterate, their kind have practised
the use of weapons generation after generation.
Ishould mention here that, although the other side make little of him,
Senanayak is not to be trifled with.Whatever his practice, in theory he respects
Indian English literature
Indian english literature pdf by Suresh hosamani on Scribd
History of English language and literature in India starts with the advent of East India Company in India. It all started in the summers of 1608 when Emperor Jahangir, in the courts of Mughals, welcomed Captain William Hawkins, Commander of British Naval Expedition Hector. It was India's first tryst with an Englishman and English. Jahangir later allowed Britain to open a permanent port and factory on the special request of King James IV that was conveyed by his ambassador Sir Thomas Roe. English were here to stay. As East India Company spread its wing in southern peninsula, English language started to get newer pockets of influence. But it was still time for the first English book to capitalize. Late 17th century saw the coming of printing press in India but the publication were largely confined to either printing Bible or government decrees. Then came newspapers. It was in 1779 that the first English Newspaper named Hickey's Bengal Gazette was published in India. The breakthrough in Indian English literature came in 1793 A.D. when a person by the name of Sake Dean Mahomet published a book in London titled Travels of Dean Mahomet. This was essentially Mahomet's travel narrative that can be put somewhere between a Non-Fiction and a Travelogue. In its early stages, the Indian writings in English were heavily influenced by the Western art form of the novel. It was typical for the early Indian English language writers to use English unadulterated by Indian words to convey experiences that were primarily Indian. The core reason behind this step was the fact that most of the readers were either British or British educated Indians. In the coming century, the writings were largely confined to writing history chronicles and government gazettes. In the early 20th century, when the British conquest of India was achieved, a new breed of writers started to emerge on the block. These writers were essentially British who were born or brought up or both in India. Their writing consisted of Indian themes and sentiments but the way of storytelling was primarily western. They had no reservation in using native words, though, to signify the context. This group consisted likes of Rudyard Kipling, Jim Corbett and George Orwell among others. Books such as Kim, The Jungle Book, 1984, Animal Farm and The man-eaters of Kumaon etc were liked and read all over the English-speaking world. In fact, some of the writings of that era are still considered to be the masterpieces of English Literature. In those periods, natives were represented by the likes of Rabindra Nath Tagore and Sarojini Naidu. In fact, Geetanjali helped Tagore win Nobel Prize for Literature in the year 1913. There was a lull for more than 3 decades when India was passing through the era of aspiration and reconstruction. Some sporadic works such as A Passage to Indian by E M Foster, The Wonder that was India by E L. Basham and Autobiography of an unknown Indian by Nirad C Chaudhuri though set the stage on fire but were unsuccessful in catalyzing and explosion. It was in late seventies that a new breed of Convent, boarding school educated and elite class of novelists and writers started to come on block. The likes of Salman Rushdie, Vikram Seth, Amitabh Ghosh and Dominique Lepierre set the literature world on fire. Rushdie' s Midnight Children won Booker in 1981 and send the message loud and clear that Indians are here to stay. Arundhati Roy and Kiran Desai repeated the feat when they won Man Booker in the year 1997 and 2006 respectively. In the mean time, a new crop of authors such as Pankaj Misra, Chetan Bhagat, Jhumpa Lahiri, William Dalrymple, Hari Kunzuru have arrived on the international scene and their writings are being appreciated round the globe. A special mention to Jhumpa Lahiri and her work; the inspiration of her work stems from the emotional crisis generated from cultural Diaspora and identity crisis that Indians suffer from when they live outside the boundaries of their own culture and geographical setting. She received a prestigious accolade of Pulitzer Prize for her famous compilation of short stories called The Interpreter of Maladies, in 2000. She is an active member of the Arts and Humanities department on US President�s committee. She was appointed by President Barrack Obama himself. India became independent from Britain in 1947, and the English language was supposed to be phased out by 1965. However, today English and Hindi are the official languages. Indian English is characterized by treating mass nouns as count nouns, frequent use of the "isn't it?" tag, use of more compounds, and a different use of prepositions. With its distinct flavor, Indian English writings are there to stay. With the surge of English speaking population, the future looks anything but
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