A History of Indian English literature.pdf

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History of English Drama

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king lear tragic hero by: William Shakespeare

 

             Plot Overview

https://www.scribd.com/document/387960960/King-Lear-Enotes

Lear, the aging king of Britain, decides to step down from the throne and divide his kingdom evenly among his three daughters. First, however, he puts his daughters through a test, asking each to tell him how much she loves him. Goneril and Regan, Lear’s older daughters, give their father flattering answers. But Cordelia, Lear’s youngest and favorite daughter, remains silent, saying that she has no words to describe how much she loves her father. Lear flies into a rage and disowns Cordelia. The king of France, who has courted Cordelia, says that he still wants to marry her even without her land, and she accompanies him to France without her father’s blessing. Lear quickly learns that he made a bad decision. Goneril and Regan swiftly begin to undermine the little authority that Lear still holds. Unable to believe that his beloved daughters are betraying him, Lear slowly goes insane. He flees his daughters’ houses to wander on a heath during a great thunderstorm, accompanied by his Fool and by Kent, a loyal nobleman in disguise. Meanwhile, an elderly nobleman named Gloucester also experiences family problems. His illegitimate son, Edmund, tricks him into believing that his legitimate son, Edgar, is trying to kill him. Fleeing the manhunt that his father has set for him, Edgar disguises himself as a crazy beggar and calls himself “Poor Tom.” Like Lear, he heads out onto the heath. When the loyal Gloucester realizes that Lear’s daughters have turned against their father, he decides to help Lear in spite of the danger. Regan and her husband, Cornwall, discover him helping Lear, accuse him of treason, blind him, and turn him out to wander the countryside. He ends up being led by his disguised son, Edgar, toward the city of Dover, where Lear has also been brought. In Dover, a French army lands as part of an invasion led by Cordelia in an effort to save her father. Edmund apparently becomes romantically entangled with both Regan and Goneril, whose husband, Albany, is increasingly sympathetic to Lear’s cause. Goneril and Edmund conspire to kill Albany. The despairing Gloucester tries to commit suicide, but Edgar saves him by pulling the strange trick of leading him off an imaginary cliff. Meanwhile, the English troops reach Dover, and the English, led by Edmund, defeat the Cordelia-led French. Lear and Cordelia are captured. In the climactic scene, Edgar duels with and kills Edmund; we learn of the death of Gloucester; Goneril poisons Regan out of jealousy over Edmund and then kills herself when her treachery is revealed to Albany; Edmund’s betrayal of Cordelia leads to her needless execution in prison; and Lear finally dies out of grief at Cordelia’s passing. Albany, Edgar, and the elderly Kent are left to take care of the country under a cloud of sorrow and regret.

Ugc NET/JRF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTION PAPER 1 DOWNLOAD

UGC NET Solved Question Papers I Paper 1- June 2011 by Suresh M Hosamani on Scribd

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UGC NET Solved Question Papers I Paper 1- December 2011 by Suresh M Hosamani on Scribd

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UGC NET Solved Question Papers I Paper 1- June 2012 by Suresh M Hosamani on Scribd

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Ugc NET/JRF SYLLABUS

     

        

UGC NET Syllabus

If you have dreamt to crack UGC NET with good score, then you must follow an effective study plan with a precise approach. Knowing syllabus is the first step to begin your exam preparations. The candidates, who aspire to crack the exam, before starting their preparations, must check the NET Syllabus to get a descriptive idea about the topics to be covered in exam.

       Paper 1 Syllabus 

Section	Questions	Marks
Total	50	100
Teaching Aptitude	5	10
Research Aptitude	5	10
Reading Comprehension	5	10
Communication	5	10
Reasoning (including Maths)	5	10
Logical Reasoning	5	10
Data Interpretation	5	10
Information & Communication Technology (ICT)	5	10
People & Environment	5	10
Higher Education System: Governance, Polity & Administration                      Paper 2 Syllabus: As per latest media reports, University Grants Commission (UGC) has decided to revise the syllabus for National Eligibility Test (NET) for the first time in last decade. For the same, UGC has set up 25 committees to revise the syllabus for all subjects. Currently, all committees are in the process of developing the draft syllabus for different subjects. Once prepared, draft syllabus will be sent for approval to the main council. Once approved, decision will be taken on when to put the revised syllabus into practice. The decision of revising the NET syllabus has been taken by UGC in order to reflect changes in what is being taught in different universities and colleges. The decision has also been taken to ensure that the revised syllabus meets the current requirement of higher education. Candidates can view UGC NET 2017 syllabus for reference. As soon as the syllabus for UGC NET 2018 is released, the same would be updated in the table below.      British Literature: Chaucer to Shakespeare Jacobean to Restoration Periods Augustan Age : 18th Century Literature Romantic Period Victorian Period Modern Period Contemporary Period Other Topics incorporated: Rhetoric and Prosody Literary Comprehension History of English Language, English Language Teaching. European Literature from Classical Age to the 20th Century. Indian writing in English and Indian Literature in English translation. American and other non – British English Literatures. Literary Theory and Criticism.       © 2018 sureshhosamani.blogspot.in. All rights reserved. Site by SharmaSaurabh.com

OMG ! It hurts. What to do with hurt – express or suppress?

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prove Hurt is a universal language. At the physical level it tells the dentist to ease up, and at the emotional level it tells a lover to change his approach. When hurt is expressed, it lets others you know that they have gone too far. Telling someone that they have hurt you puts them on check. Letting others understand what is important to you Hurt is your private message. If it hurts you, it matters to you. Denying hurt is not being brave, but being merely reckless. The purpose of hurt is to limit the extent of the damage done to you. The role of hurt is to tell you that you have been damaged – physically or emotionally. It defines the limits of trespassing. Hurt teaches you to establish limits with others. Your hurt is a feedback to you and communicating it to others becomes a feedback to them. It shows you and others how much you can tolerate. These limits are especially important with people you really care about. People you truly love are the ones with whom you relate with your guards down and hence you are the most vulnerable to be hurt by them. In fact, people you love the most have the power to hurt you the most. If you do not express yourself when others hurt you, then they have no way of knowing that you did not like what they did to you and with you. They would believe whatever they did was acceptable to you. So they keep repeating the same behavior and continue the same approach. In due course hurt compounds and becomes complex. If you don’t maintain boundaries, you will find others hurting you all the time, not because they are bad, but because they never knew that they were hurting you. You avoid expressing your hurt because you do not want to admit that you can be hurt. You believe if the world knows that you can be hurt then it will take you to be vulnerable. So you keep denying your hurt, because you do not want to take any action that might leave you all alone, which is your worst fear. So you prefer to suffer with the person than without the person. Remember, expressing hurt as and when it happens will never take a person away from the relationship. But, if you keep continuously sweeping everything under the carpet for too long and then one day you will find dust accumulation of unmanageable proportion. Expressing hurt when it happens is vital for keeping a relationship safe and honest. If you do not say ‘NO’ TO the relationship. It becomes a major challenge to get people to stay away from your space, when you have been continuously pampering them by letting them to barge into your psychological space. It is difficult to assert yourself with someone who has accustomed himself to violating your boundaries. Now, they will even claim that it is their right to do so. The practice of prolonged usage defines ownership and rights. If you allow people to use a shortcut across your property, without posting a ‘NO TREESPASSING’ sign, after few years that shortcut becomes a public way and you lose all claim to it. If you want to know how some of your most valued relationships went off track, you need to look no further than the way you kept avoiding speaking out when you were hurt. You were betrayed by your own assumption that others will care enough for your feelings and will not hurt you. The truth is that people consider their feelings first. If you don’t object, others will simply act in their best interest. If you allow others to exploit you, you will be exploited. If you allow others to take you for granted, you will be taken for granted. If you allow others to hurt you, you will be hurt. People treat you in life the way you to teach them to treat you. Your rights are not guaranteed, unless you are willing to defend them. If you don’t learn to object, then you become inhibited about objecting. Most problems that you suffer would be solved if you could stand up for yourself at the time of your being hurt. Hurt can be a powerful relationship builder only if you do not deny it. So, the next time someone hurts you, directly tell the person who caused it and do not make it a matter of gossip. Do not conceal it, deny it or pretend as if it did not matter. Do not punish others or plan a revenge to show you are tough. You were hurt – say so and leave it at that. What the other person will do when you tell him that you were hurt cannot be your concern. Expressing your hurt is your business. Do not get into the negative history between you and the other person – citing prior damages. Do not keep nagging. Remember that the person to whom you are expressing your feelings is someone you love and you want that person to have an opportunity to recover. Avoid overkill. Don’t overdo and overact. Just say it and just let go. Having expressed your hurt, forgive people who have hurt you. Forgiving is letting go of your hurt. Without forgiving you cannot grow. You cannot alter what has already been done to you. Forgiving does not mean that you have to be in a friendship with people who have hurt you. It only means that you no longer allow your old hurt to be a cause for you to suffer. If you expect others to apologize for hurting you and wait until they do so, you will only prolong your suffering. If you search your past looking for villains, be assured that you will find them, but you will not find peace. It is time to forgive and move on. Move on. You have nothing to prove

Set your goals & make them happen

There are the only 2 options in life. Either ignores the small things to achieve higher goals or subordinate somebody in life, if you want to stand above the crowd, if you want to be someone who will be looked up to, then there is just one choice for you. You have to subordinate your likes and dislikes, ignore the small things, and keep focusing on larger goals. I like sleeping. I dislike exercise. I like fried food. I dislike sprouts and salads. Beyond my likes and dislikes, I, also know I can do a lot more with my life if I am fit and healthy. So, I subordinate my liking for excessive sleep and fried foods, as well as my dislike for exercise, sprouts and salads to the purpose of being healthy in life. So I do what the body needs to be fit and healthy. Obviously, Vishvnathan Anand would not have been in the typical bandwagon during his adolescent years. If he had been, he would not be the world champion. Parties, chill-outs, discotheques, movies, hanging-out, gang biking are typical expressions of growing years. And if they had those typical growing years then they would not be the Leander Peas and Sachin Tendulkar that we know of. We enjoy the free India that we enjoy because so many nameless, faceless Indians subordinate their likes, dislikes, family, and even their lives for the purpose of driving the British out. Most successful people became what they became because, much after all of us went to sleep, they were still working. If I need everything from life then I need to first give everything I have got to life. We don’t have to give all that. We just need to forgo some of our likes and some of our dislikes, so that we can have all of the purpose that we desire so dearly. If I have to reach where I have never reached, then I will have to take the path that I have never taken. If I have to achieve what I have never achieved before, then I will have to do the things that I have never done before. If I have to accomplish what no one has ever done, I have to do what no one has ever done. Either Subordinate your likes and dislikes to the purpose of your life or subordinate the purpose of your life to your likes and dislikes. This simply explains why it is so crowded in the bottom of the pyramid. For the few, who have chosen to be one above the crowd, their likes, their dislikes, even their life is insignificant compared to the purpose of their life.